Financial analysis is understanding a business’s past performance and projecting future financial health. Determining the fiscal status of a firm is often a complex undertaking, involving the study of several types of financial statements.

The PhD is a doctoral degree, specifically called a "doctor of philosophy" degree. This is misleading because PhD holders are not necessarily philosophers (unless they earned their degree in philosophy!). That said, PhD recipients are able to engage in thought experiments, reason about problems, and solve problems in sophisticated ways.